List of Illustrations

1.1 Page from Charles Babbage’s scrapbook (c. 1847–51), n. p.

1.2 Page from Charles Babbage’s scrapbook (c. 1847–51), n. p.

2.1 Diagram from Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species, foldout facing page 108

3.1 The Mansion of Bliss (1822)

3.2 A New Royal Geographical Pastime for England and Wales (1787)

3.3 New Game of Wanderers in the Wilderness (1844)

3.4 The Travellers of Europe (1849)

3.5 The Cottage of Content or Right Roads and Wrong Ways (1848)

3.6 Image from The Wanderings of Mrs. Pipe & Family to View the Crystal Palace (1851), illustrated by Percy Cruikshank

3.7 Image from The Wanderings of Mrs. Pipe & Family to View the Crystal Palace (1851), illustrated by Percy Cruikshank

3.8 “Whittington and His Cat” (c. 1840)

3.9 Unlit view of “Mount Vesuvius,” Spooner’s Protean Views (c. 1840)

3.10 Lit view of “Mount Vesuvius,” Spooner’s Protean Views (c. 1840)

3.11 Unlit view of “Napoleon Powerful and Napoleon Powerless,” Spooner’s Protean Views (c. 1840)

3.12 Lit view of “Napoleon Powerful and Napoleon Powerless,” Spooner’s ProteanViews (c. 1840)

3.13 Half-lit view of “The New Houses of Parliament,” Spooner’s Protean Views (c. 1840)